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The SOLID principles are a set of five design principles in software architecture and object-oriented programming that serve as guidelines for writing clean, maintainable, and scalable code. Each letter in SOLID stands for a different principle:

• Single Responsibility Principle (SRP) - This principle states that a class should have only one reason to change, meaning it should have a single responsibility. This helps in keeping classes focused and makes the code easier to understand and maintain.

• Open/Closed Principle (OCP) - The Open/Closed Principle states that software entities should be open for extension but closed for modification. This encourages designing software modules in a way that allows new functionality to be added without changing existing code.

• Liskov Substitution Principle (LSP) -  The Liskov Substitution Principle states that objects of a superclass should be replaceable with objects of its subclasses without affecting the correctness of the program. This promotes the use of inheritance and polymorphism while ensuring consistency in behavior.

• Interface Segregation Principle (ISP) -  The Interface Segregation Principle suggests that clients should not be forced to depend on interfaces they do not use. Instead of creating large interfaces with many methods, smaller and more specific interfaces should be preferred to promote loose coupling.

• Dependency Inversion Principle (DIP) -  The Dependency Inversion Principle states that high-level modules should not depend on low-level modules, but both should depend on abstractions. This encourages decoupling modules and promoting dependency injection, allowing for easier testing and flexibility in choosing implementations.

Overall, adhering to the SOLID principles helps in creating software that is modular, maintainable, and adaptable to changes in requirements and technology.